Countervailing latency is the framework’s contribution to an old idea: that concentrated power is checked not by a single benevolent authority but by many distributed centers of countervailing power. That balance has always assumed the contending parties evolve at roughly the same, human, organizational speed. The transition breaks the assumption through rate asymmetry — if one center can compound capability far faster than the institutions meant to check it can perceive, coordinate, legislate, and build a response, then the forms of plurality remain standing while the substance quietly disappears. Countervailing latency is the measurable version of that danger: opposition’s time-to-effective-response, set against the actor’s doubling time. See constraining power without becoming it.